Bloodborne Pathogens

Hepatitis

Acute viral hepatitis is a common, sometimes serious infection of the liver leading to inflammation and necrosis. There are at least five distinct viral agents that cause acute viral hepatitis:

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

An estimated 1.25 million Americans are chronically infected with the Hepatitis B virus, and about 20-30% of those infected acquired the infection during childhood. A Hepatitis B vaccine has been available since 1982, and routine Hepatitis B vaccinations have greatly reduced the rate of disease among children and adolescents.

About one-third of persons infected with HBV have no signs or symptoms. Symptoms can include:

  • Jaundice
  • Fatigue
  • Abdominal pain
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Joint pain

Transmission of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs when an infected person's blood or body fluids enters the body of a person who is not immune.

The Bloodborne Pathogen standard requires employers to make the hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series available to all employees that have occupational exposure to HBV. Employees who decline the vaccination must sign a statement indicating that they understand they are at continued risk for acquiring hepatitis B.

For more information on Hepatitis B, see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) fact sheet on Hepatitis B. (link will open a new browser window or tab)